I finally saw quantum mechanics with my own eyes... (It's spookier than I expected)

The world’s coldest liquid is far stranger than you’d imagine. Sponsored by Ground News - Go to https://ground.news/Ve and subscribe to get 40% off the unlimited access Vantage Plan. Stay informed on breaking news and compare coverage from every angle. Last year, we launched Elements of Truth on Kickstarter. We’re now in the final stages of production, and Kickstarter rewards are shipping soon. If you missed the campaign, you can now pre-order the retail edition through our new website here - https://ve42.co/YTDEcl If you backed us on Kickstarter, don’t worry, your game will ship before any pre-orders are fulfilled. If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV Sign up for the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter Join our Patreon for a chance to get a NASA sticker that went to the edge of space during the eclipse and for early access to work-in-progress videos https://ve42.co/VePatreon ▀▀▀ Chapters: 0:00 The "Impossible" Liquid 1:59 The Race to Absolute Zero 6:33 Why Helium Seemed Impossible to Liquefy 15:04 The First Liquid Helium Ever Made 19:08 Can you make solid helium? 21:42 What is superconductivity? 28:41 Zero Viscosity and Superfluidity 36:15 What are Bose-Einstein condensates? 43:20 How Kapitsa Saved Landau From Prison 46:20 The Superfluid Fountain Powered by Light 47:46 Landau's Theory of Phonons 58:32 Why Helium (Almost) Never Freezes 1:01:58 The takeaway ▀▀▀ A big thank you to Prof. Dirk van Delft for his guidance and expertise on Onnes’ life and work. If you want to read more about it you can find the free PDF of his book “Freezing Physics” here: https://ve42.co/Freezing_physics A massive thank you to Prof. Martin Zwierlein for his enthusiasm and helping us get the specifics of superfluidity and BECs right. As well as a huge thank you to everyone who helped us understand the physics, the story, and provided valuable feedback on different parts of this video: Prof. Kostas Gavroglu, Dr. Philippe Lebrun, Prof. David Kaiser, Dr. John G Weisend II, Prof. Ad Maas, and Prof Robert Taylor. Then two more special thank-you’s: The first is to Rijksmuseum Boerhaave, for showing us around the archives and Onnes’ original equipment. You can check them out here: https://www.rijksmuseumboerhaave.nl/ And the second, of course, is to everyone at the Gravity Laboratory and Nottingham University who recreated all the experiments for us. Your efforts made this video possible. Dr. Chris Goodwin, thank you for your unrelenting support in helping us get the physics of superfluidity right. You can check out the gravity laboratory here: ve42.co/GravityLaboratory ▀▀▀ References: https://ve42.co/SuperfluidsReferences ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Hybrid Minds, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Sweet_Nemo, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee ▀▀▀ Credits: Writers: Casper Mebius & Derek Muller Producer and Director: Casper Mebius Presenters: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius Editors: Trenton Oliver, George Reynolds & Axel Oliver Assistant Editors: James Stuart & Peter Nelson Animators: Domonkos Jozsa, Emma Wright, Fabio Albertelli, Andrew Neet, Alex Drakoulis, Rokas Viksraitis & Mike Radjabov Illustrators: Jakub Misiek & Raphael Aubry Researchers: Sophia Rose, Gabe Strong and Fred Green Camera Operators: James Haslam, James Dann, Derek Muller, Raquel Muller, Casper Mebius, Stephen Foote, Gabe Strong & Sophia Rose Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ben Powell & Patryk Ziolkowski Additional thumbnail picture by: Leonardo Solidoro Production Team: Anna Milkovic, Glen Griffiths, Jess Bishop-Laggett & Matthew Cavanagh Executive Producers: Emilia Gyles, Derek Muller & Casper Mebius